Valve and method of making the same



Jan. 20, 1931. w. B.'$ULLIYAN 1,789,374 7 VALVE AND IETHOD OF MAKING THE 3:

Filed Jana-4. 1927 Patented I Jan. 20, i 1931 I B. sU 'LIvAn, mm, 12:10:11

' rA Y; or person; MICHIGAN, A conr'oRATIon or rumors} V YALvBQ DQiSrETHoD-OF MA -i m THETSAME Application,iilied J'une i, leazffsnalmt 196,533. I

This invention relates to valves .for .internal combustion engines and the method of manufacturing the same. I One of the obj ctsof'the' invention is the provision ofa new and improved valve adapted to be used in the exhaust passage of an in; ternal combustion engine, and having means for protecting the stem from-the deteriorate.

ing effects of the hot' gases.

A further, object of the invention is the provision 'ofa new and improved envelope for protecting valvellstems' and for constitut- :ing the seatengaging portion of: the valve:

Other objects of, the invention are the pro- 'vision' of a new and improved valvehavlng a -protective covering of non-oxidizing vorheat resisting material, that .ischeap to manufacture, easily assembled, that is durable, and

not likely to'warpfor theparts become loose ordet'ached; v I Other and further objects 1 and advantages of the invention will, appear "from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawingsfln which 1 ig. 1 is avertical sectionof a portion of aninternal'comhustlon eng ne showing my "invention. in position thereon head andsle'eve; p r Fig. Bis an elevational view 'ofone end of 'F'g;4= is avergtial sectionof dale eat-t e parts ofthe' 'v alve' in' assembled relation: in

position to be operated upon'by the die sa'nd Figs. 5 and care vertical "sections of the Y headand-neck an'dof theskirt port1on, .r.e-

in theexhaust" passages are" subjected Ito the i quentl'y if special heat resisting or non-ox- I tive. Ithas been proposed to .provide protective' coverings for the valves, but theseflcoverings have'not heenextended toe provide a 'tivesle'eves or skirts "these skirts are'of such diameters adjacent to the head as tov materially interferewith' the deteriorate;

the

comprises a restricted or neck a skirt 21. The neckportion 20'closely fits the stem vvhile the'skirtf portion i is: spaced faboutthe stem and telescopesiover the guide 13 for protecting the stem l fromthe hot are, especially subjected; to the oxidizing efof those gases.

ean',nssrenon T0 cnRoBA rIc rooncom- I protection forthe valve stemdval gt i It hasalso been propose dtoap rovide discharge of thefexhaust gases; through the exhaust .port. -Furthermore;'.-in someifcases the skirts are separately.attachedito theyst'em, and leaks soon develop at the :j oints, due to the i unequal expansion of the material of the stem and skirt; which. soon causes the partsito The present invention contemplates a comtions of the headjand stem, and"so arranged that a minimum obstruction is. presented to exhaust gases escaping through the ex .7 haustport..-., section of-the valve Referring now the drawings; the referenc'e character 10. designates an internal I combustion engineihavingfthe exhaustqport thevalve-stem showing'the same upset in dottedlines; w

11, valve seat-12 and' guidel3'forthe valve stem 1 L as is usual-in suchiconst'ructions;

-'rhe valve comprises a. head or expanded portion 15 to 'Which; is-rigidly. secured the protector member :orenv elepe16 of suitable.v heat resistlng i or non-oxidizing materiall "The protector member*16 comprises a head 7 1 17 having avalveseat engagingportion l8 1 i .Ininternalcombustionengines; the'valves7v 3540 v i .intense heatofthe exhaust gasesandlconseand a sleeve portion 19.; Thesleeve portion portion and exhaust gases when the valve .is opened to bined envelopeand sleeve ofnon-oxidizing or i permitthe'escape: of said gases. The neck portionQOis restricted in order that the same shallofier."a .;minimumresistance totheescape of the exhaust gases. The'entire e 1 velope is formed" from a suitable heat resist ing or non-oxidizing material whereby the Th "head 1 7 is "then wbeveled on 'its lower inner edge :to 1 form the valve 1 en aging seat 18,; seeFigul. P

presently appear; i

' escape of the valve seat engaging portion will remain smooth and the other parts will not be deteriorated by the contact of the exhaust gases.

The enlarged portion of the valve stem 14: is dist-orted intothe recess 24: andinto the marginal undercut '30" in ordr to anteater the head 17 and stem 14. ,7

,Anysuitable method may be employed in fabricating theya'lvei I In 5 the named; em ployed for illustrating one embodiment of the invention, a rod blank 22 is upset at oneend in a die to form the enlar ement "or attaching head as shown at 31 in -dotted lines in Fig. 3. Preferably this enlarged portion is sligl'itlytapered as shown, whereby the base may more easily be; distorted into the undercutiportion of the recess inthe head,'aswi1l The envelope 16 is 'formedin any'suitable manner into: a heads 17,n'eck' portion 119 and bell-shaped skirtlportibn 23. The envelopeis provided with a recess 2e havingamarginal undercut 30in the 'faceof the head '17 i and with an axial opening througlrthe head and neck portion. The envelope iszplaced'in the recess '26" in the lower 1 die blocks "27 and 28 and the valve-stem "inserted through the opening 25 With-the"attaching or head: portion within *said recess 2% and with the stem "14 eictending downward itlir'ough .thef-op'ening 25. The hammeriportion' 29 of the di'e i's' then operated to expand'the head 31-into Lthe undercut portion of the recess 24isoztliat the arts willbeinterlocked 'as 'sh'own'in Fig. 1.

In theoperation 10f the engine the valve is elevated in the usual'manner'to permitthe exhaust :gase's through the eX- haust port. The head portion 17.,'neck-20 and skirt :21 :protect the parts zof the valve that would be 'afli'ectedcby .the hot moving gases. The neck being restricted will 'not' interferematerially with theescape-of the gases through'theexhaust port. v

i It will thu's'be seen that the parts that are normal-ly'most affected by :the hot exhaust necessity of forming the entire-valve of:

gases are feiiiciently protected without the nonoxidizing "or-heat resisting material. 'It is 7 also apparent that the parts'are rigidly and an i I efficiently :locked head. being expanded into-the 'undercutepnrtion I30 lot the recess 24:.

paa

to'getherirby means of "the '1'Ifide'sired,-the i e orloif thcboreithrclig Ethe. neck '20"may:befigrobvedrzorfiscoihd:as:a i 32, into. which the stem is distorted; i This 1 the parts together 5 andrelieve thehead'rfrom strain, butwillfalso assist in forniin'g-a seal to prevent'a ny likelihood ofthe' gases leaking the valve after long 'c'ontinue'd use of valve. It is-undei'sto o dthatthis feature said is optional; it may or as desired.

If desired the head and neck portion of the protective envelope may be cast separate from. the skirt'portion and the two welded together by..-a later operation. As shown may not be employed in Figs. Sand 6,-the -neck portion, 83of the device may be provided with a fin 34: to which the skirt portion 35 may be welded, the fin and skirt "portion tbein g 'arfrably provided withthesmooth surfaes iiband 37-, respectiv ely, for facilitating the welding.

' It 'isfunderswodthat the head and neck portion may if desired, be employed Without theskirt portidn, in which event the fin sisting material interlocked withsaid stem,

a neck portion integral-with said head ipo'rtion and clamped son said stem; and a skirt Eportion --integra1 with said neck portion and spaced :fromi'said stcmfil iihe dm 7 c=2. A%method Qarabngam use, ita

consists in' upsetti-nga rodite-iorm a stern and .an enlarged f portion inserting the stem 'through? an?'axial open ngin=a' combined head andskirtimember; seating said enlarged por tion in a-;recess having a marginal undercut, in saidrheadjand distorting" said enlarged iportionwinto "saidi'narginal-nndercnt.

3. As an arti le of man fac u ,a' v' lv comprising a" e e? d provided with a recess 'in itsface; said recess having aniarginallnndercut, a valve stem extending throughsaidihead and-having- 0ne end di tort d and marginalundercut for lockingsaidhead to said stem.

into saidrecss 4i A method :Ot 'rsecuring jvalve valve stems which comprises jformiiigf the stem;with'fanenlarged end, forming arecefss having'ta {marginal ;underc 'itt int 1 i of said head, assembling said head 'and stem 1 with said enlargefdl feild in V c y tOringisai difi llitfgfi llfifldin 0 s marginal undercut to interlock-the sahrelwith "saidheadrr valve ciqmp i ins l ani-integr l-l ad g i i y mii her as il i e t i n com isingazneckrpor cn clq e yfi r saidstenra d askirtfqpQntioniconceniifl9:with

-' said stem but -"spacedithzereffom -'anfd. i -gm saidheafl; 1 63'Asf an article rnfrnranufacture; a valve member comprising an integral head, neck and skirtportion, said member being pro vided with an axial opening therethrough for the reception of a valve stem.

7; A valve comprising an integral 8. In combination, a valve seat, an up wardly extending valve guide the "top. of which is a substantial distance'from the plane of the valve seat, an axial bore in said guide in alinement with the axis of said valve seat, a valve stem of relatively low grade mate rial slidably mounted insaid bore, a sleeve for said stem of relatively high grade material, said sleeve comprising a head for cooperating with said valve seat, a restricted portion to allow free passage of gases through the valve opening and a skirt for telescoping said valve guide and protecting said valve stem, and means for rigidly securingsaid sleeve to said stem.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

- WILLIAM B. SULLIVAN.

V head ,neck and skirt portions provided with an axial bore, the inner surface of said bore be 

